Seen in Print

[Rufus T. Firefly]

5th Avenue Easter Parade, New York City, April 19, 1908

Some miserable looking men in that photo........

[webenda]

5th Avenue Easter Parade, New York City, April 19, 1908

Some miserable looking men in that photo........

[webenda]

Lamination should not be necessary, there are tons of old growth oak trees left, just none in France.

Not of what's really needed - consider cutting a 12" x 18" beam (probably too small) from a tree and you need a 40' long beam as well and also should not incorporate heartwood. That requires a 4' diameter tree at the far upper end of the tree for such a log. Other requirement is that it be straight. Next requirement is that it be white oak. Live oak rarely grows to suitable length straight to make suitable beams. Next requirement would be that it be dry and workable which takes a good bit of time to achieve.

Make it hard why don't you Rufus?

The beams are 24 x 24 inches x 20 to 30 feet. Each beam required one tree. 13,000 individual trees in total were felled in the King's forest to build the roof. The trees were likely 300 to 400 years old. In other words, the trees used to build the cathedral sprouted in the eighth or ninth centuries.

The biggest white oak beams I can find are 12 x 12 x 16 feet.

There are a few white oaks big enough but they are individual trees in various locations. 13,000 Maybe the wood required is not available anywhere on earth.

I've got it! Replant the Kings Forest (as they should have in 1163 and again in 1230) and in 2319 the wood will be available.

Data gleaned from various unreliable sources.

[Rufus T. Firefly]

Make it hard why don't you Rufus?

No harder than it has to be or as hard as white oak.

The beams are 24 x 24 inches x 20 to 30 feet.

Big beams from big trees that probably provided a lot of other parts. Probably not wasted.

The biggest white oak beams I can find are 12 x 12 x 16 feet.

I've got some 12 x 8 but they are shorter........ One might be chestnut,

There are a few white oaks big enough but they are individual trees in various locations. 13,000 Maybe the wood required is not available anywhere on earth.

Probably not if restricted to white oak.

I've got it! Replant the Kings Forest (as they should have in 1163 and again in 1230) and in 2319 the wood will be available.

Gather those acorns now...........

Does give one pause as to the enormity of it all that just the trees to get those beams had that level of demand and complexity. Gives one another appreciation for tree farmers. I think I'll take a walk through my woods to see how the various parts are coming along now.

[MurphOnMillerAve]

One of those you circled is a woman.

[webenda]

One of those you circled is a woman.

Deliberate. 5.1% of women identify as LGBT.

[Roy]

The roof beams are not visible, unless the ends protrude from the outer walls. So, they add nothing to the appearance of either the interior, or exterior of the building. Why use precious wood, that serves only to make the structure more susceptible to burning? Use steel reinforced, prestressed concrete beams, or just steel I or box beams. If the ends do protrude from the outer walls, they can be covered with wood.

[MurphOnMillerAve]

One of those you circled is a woman.

Deliberate. 5.1% of women identify as LGBT.

Brava (!)

[sleepmac]

Roy, I wonder if the heavier weight of concrete/steel beams would be too much for the stone walls?

Dan Weinhold

[MurphOnMillerAve]

Roy, I wonder if the heavier weight of concrete/steel beams would be too much for the stone walls?

Dan Weinhold

That sounds like a very pertinent point, Dan. The stone walls barely had the power to hold themselves up to the height wanted for the tall windows; hence, the use of the "Flying Buttresses" to add support from the outside, which is the direction the walls would have leaned toward without the buttresses.

So, between Roy's suggestion and your caution, a lot has to be solved.

[HONDO74]

One of those you circled is a woman.

Deliberate. 5.1% of women identify as LGBT.

Was LGBT that prevalent back in 1908 New York

[MurphOnMillerAve]

One of those you circled is a woman.

Deliberate. 5.1% of women identify as LGBT.

Was LGBT that prevalent back in 1908 New York

Perhaps some covert version and/or incubation (keeping something under the right conditions so it can develop) of it?

[NJPiney]

5th Avenue Easter Parade, New York City, April 19, 1908

Some miserable looking men in that photo........

Divorce was less prevalent back then

[webenda]

Deliberate. 5.1% of women identify as LGBT.

Was LGBT that prevalent back in 1908 New York

Perhaps some covert version and/or incubation (keeping something under the right conditions so it can develop) of it?

LGBT is a new acronym. Lesbian relationships are not new.

In 1908, the first American defense of homosexuality was published. The Intersexes: A History of Similisexualism as a Problem in Social Life, was written by Edward Stevenson under the pseudonym Xavier Mayne. This 600-page defense detailed Classical examples, but also modern literature and the homosexual subcultures of urban life.

"1895: Edra and Mildred live together; on the outside they are innocent spinsters, but their actual relationship is that of lesbian lovers."

From the novel, The Persecution of Mildred Dunlap, based on a true story.

[webenda]

https://www.washingtonpost.com/business ... b8f5c46ec3