A few CVRR pictures and some other related pictures....

[Rufus T. Firefly]

I graduated High School after one semester of 12 grade thanks to summer school classes. My grandson Jacob is about a full semester ahead going into his senior year already and is taking Civics this summer to knock out another credit.

Outstanding!

I wish I had been able to pick up credits during the summers, but the need to earn a few dollars took priority.

[Rufus T. Firefly]

[MurphOnMillerAve]

Clean and neat. I guess they didn't have litter yet. (Did they even have paper plates yet, let alone predating fast-food paper packaging throw-it-out-the-car-window trash. )

P.S. Fun to notice one little boy got himself into the photo.

[Rufus T. Firefly]

Clean and neat. I guess they didn't have litter yet. (Did they even have paper plates yet, let alone predating fast-food paper packaging throw-it-out-the-car-window trash. )

All that came later...........with cars and the birth of the everything disposable era

P.S. Fun to notice one little boy got himself into the photo.

Off to the far right? Maybe a boy or maybe the engineer - scale is hard to guesstimate on these colorized cards

[MurphOnMillerAve]

Yes, off to the far right. There is something boy-like in his affect, the way he holds himself, including the overall stature of his chest and arms.

[Rufus T. Firefly]

The Bridge in Mt. Union....

[HONDO74]

It would be interesting to see a picture of a bridge like that under construction. What method did they use to keep all the rocks from coming loose..

[Rufus T. Firefly]

It would be interesting to see a picture of a bridge like that under construction. What method did they use to keep all the rocks from coming loose..

It's all, at least on the exterior, cut stone fitted together and mortared/cemented in place. From photos that I've seen in the past, lots of scaffolding, rigging, and framing was used to assemble the arches. Might be one of those art forms that we are rapidly losing........

[MurphOnMillerAve]

It would be interesting to see a picture of a bridge like that under construction. What method did they use to keep all the rocks from coming loose..

It's all, at least on the exterior, cut stone fitted together and mortared/cemented in place. From photos that I've seen in the past, lots of scaffolding, rigging, and framing was used to assemble the arches. Might be one of those art forms that we are rapidly losing........

As we all know, such arches were invented by Ancient Rome, especially evident in their viaducts. However, Roman arches would often have a "Keystone" put in place as the final phase of construction, at the highest point in the middle of the arch. The keystone's presence determines that mortar/cement (also invented by the Romans) isn't necessarily needed, with each stone constructing the two arched sides putting the pressure of their weight against the Keystone, holding it all up together. Using some type of mortar would make the structure all the more stable and robust. Of course, since far more than a simple aqueduct arch, built to transport a simple narrow trough of water, is in the Mt. Union, PA bridge widened to hold a wide roadway, the scaffolding, rigging, etc. were part of the construction process, as you said, as it was in ancient times. (Do I see something of a keystone in that far right arch?)

[Rufus T. Firefly]

As we all know, such arches were invented by Ancient Rome.........

No. The arch in bridge construction pre-dates the Romans by quite a lot. They merely recognized its value and used it for everything popularizing its use in construction.

[MurphOnMillerAve]

As we all know, such arches were invented by Ancient Rome.........

No. The arch in bridge construction pre-dates the Romans by quite a lot. They merely recognized its value and used it for everything popularizing its use in construction.

By whom then? You are correcting my undergraduate Art and Architecture classes, so educate me further, kindly.

[Rufus T. Firefly]

As we all know, such arches were invented by Ancient Rome.........

No. The arch in bridge construction pre-dates the Romans by quite a lot. They merely recognized its value and used it for everything popularizing its use in construction.

By whom then? You are correcting my undergraduate Art and Architecture classes, so educate me further, kindly.

Greek and Estruscans used arch bridges much earlier - I would not be surprised that others did even earlier did also. Romans get the credit since they intensely popularized their use and refined it to a routine. I suspect that this sort of inventive "credit" gets applied quite frequently.

[MurphOnMillerAve]

No. The arch in bridge construction pre-dates the Romans by quite a lot. They merely recognized its value and used it for everything popularizing its use in construction.

By whom then? You are correcting my undergraduate Art and Architecture classes, so educate me further, kindly.

Greek and Estruscans used arch bridges much earlier - I would not be surprised that others did even earlier did also. Romans get the credit since they intensely popularized their use and refined it to a routine. I suspect that this sort of inventive "credit" gets applied quite frequently.

Did it get "applied" here:
Ancient History Encyclopedia, Roman Architecture, "...the Romans...uniquely combined existing techniques and creative design to produce a whole new range of new architectural structures such as...triumphal arch, monumental aqueduct..." .

You have tempted me to wonder. I imagine it depends on what ones means by, " uniquely combined existing techniques" …. and …. "produce a whole new..." , huh.

[Rufus T. Firefly]

By whom then? You are correcting my undergraduate Art and Architecture classes, so educate me further, kindly.

Greek and Estruscans used arch bridges much earlier - I would not be surprised that others did even earlier did also. Romans get the credit since they intensely popularized their use and refined it to a routine. I suspect that this sort of inventive "credit" gets applied quite frequently.

Did it get "applied" here:
Ancient History Encyclopedia, Roman Architecture, "...the Romans...uniquely combined existing techniques and creative design to produce a whole new range of new architectural structures such as...triumphal arch, monumental aqueduct..." .

You have tempted me to wonder. I imagine it depends on what ones means by, " uniquely combined existing techniques" …. and …. "produce a whole new..." , huh.

Yup! "uniquely combined existing techniques and creative design" -- not the basic invention. Refinement and popularization....

[MurphOnMillerAve]

Can you show me, then, an arch - not use of a lintel - used by a civilization that predated Roman arches? This would be something of which I am totally unaware.